Formation of a system of means for controlling the technical and tactical preparedness of highly qualified taekwondo practitioners based on modeling competitive activity

Abstract

Introduction. The analysis of the controlling system of the technical and tactical preparedness of highly qualified taekwondo players in the training process states the absence of standard tests and significant reserves regarding the use of the method of modeling competitive activity in various components of the control system (control measures, forms of control organization, methods and means of control). This necessitates the urgent need for scientific of the organizational and methodological principles of control and experimental approval of specific means, taking into account the various characteristics of the technical and tactical activities of athletes and the conditions in which they are performed by taekwondo players at the stage of maximum realization of individual capabilities.

The purpose of the study is to substantiate scientifically the formation of the system of means of controlling the technical and tactical preparedness of highly qualified taekwondo players based on the simulation of competitive activity.

Material and methods. The following research methods were used: analysis of special, scientific and methodological literature, analysis of documentary materials, and analysis of videos of competitive activities, pedagogical observation, systematic method, generalization and systematization of data. The competitive activity of 52 athletes from 20 countries who played 89 rounds in 32 competitive bouts was studied - the finals of the WTF World Taekwondo Championship on June 24-30, 2017 (Muju, South Korea), the WTF World Taekwondo Championship on May 15-19, 2019 ( Manchester, Great Britain), WTF World Taekwondo Championships November 13-20, 2022 (Guadalajara, Mexico) and WTF World Taekwondo Championships May 29-June 4, 2023 (Baku, Azerbaijan) in weight categories of 46 kg, 49 kg, 53 kg, 57 kg, 62 kg, 67 kg, 73 kg and + 73 kg.

Research results. During the analysis of the competitive activity of highly qualified taekwondo players, modern trends were revealed, specific features and main characteristics of the technical and tactical activity of highly qualified taekwondo players were analyzed, and requirements were also determined (combination of technical techniques in attack; combination of technical techniques in defense; combination of techniques when transitioning from attack to defense; combination of techniques when transitioning from defense to attack; skills of fighting in different styles; skills of countering different styles of fighting; the number of attacks, the number of actions in attacks; time between attacks; variability of technical actions; effectiveness of attacking actions; effectiveness of counterattacking actions; effectiveness of countermeasures; the effectiveness of actions that force violations of the rules), which must be taken into account during the formation of the system of means of controlling the technical and tactical preparedness of highly qualified taekwondo players based on the simulation of competitive activity. On the basis of the analysis of scientific and methodical literature, modern trends in the development of martial arts and own practical experience, the formation of the system of means of controlling the technical and tactical preparedness of highly qualified taekwondo players based on the simulation of competitive activity is substantiated. The specific features of the formation of the system of knowledge on the control of technical and tactical preparedness are presented. They involve consideration not only of competitive activity in the part of quantitative and qualitative indicators of technical-tactical actions, but also cover the entire training process management system and reflect the specific features of martial arts and taekwondo of the WTF, etc. They expand the object and subject of controlling technical and tactical preparedness. Therefore, in connection with the fact that our scientific search confirmed the absence of standard tests for assessing the level of technical and tactical preparedness of highly qualified taekwondo players in the training process, the use of such control tools as control exercises and control matches that simulate conditions and situations becomes significant. For example, by time limit; according to different starting positions; according to methods and options for performing technical and tactical actions; according to the terms of execution; under conditions of preference in the account; under the conditions of a backlog of the account; subject to time delay; in dificult conditions if there are 4 warnings; under the condition of being forced to violate the rules of the competition, etc.

Conclusions. The conducted research made it possible to form and characterize the general system of means for controlling the technical and tactical preparedness of highly qualified taekwondo players based on the modeling of competitive activity, which includes the following components: control exercises and control matches, models of control exercises, models of control matches, criteria for evaluating technical and tactical preparedness ( objective and subjective in terms of the number and quality of indicators), assessment scales that will predict levels of preparedness (low, medium, high). The means of controlling technical and tactical preparedness in the training process should be: control exercises with a conditional opponent, control exercises with a partner, control exercises with an opponent, control matches according to the task, free control matches that take into account the peculiarities, the focus of tasks at the stage of maximum realization of individual capabilities and reflect the unpredictability of a sports match in the Olympic form of the WTF taekwondo program.