From the experience of organizing corrective and preventive measures for people with musculoskeletal disorders

Abstract

Introduction. In the current historical context, an increase in the share of pathological conditions associated with the musculoskeletal system leads to a threatening situation, moving it beyond the medical and into the social sphere. In recent years, the prevalence of functional disorders and spinal diseases has reached epidemic proportions, second only to colds in the number of cases. The catastrophic increase in the number of patients is the basis for stating that functional disorders and spinal diseases have acquired the status of a disease of the XXI century, and therefore a disease of civilisation. The purpose of the study is to theoretically substantiate, develop and experimentally test the effectiveness of the technology of correction of musculoskeletal disorders of women of the second period of mature age by means of health fitness. Research methods: theoretical analysis and synthesis of special scientific literature, sociological research methods, pedagogical observation, pedagogical testing of physical preparedness, pedagogical experiment, photographing and analysis of women’s posture using the programme “Torso”, visual screening of the state of biogeometric posture profile using the express control card, methods of mathematical statistics. The results. In the study, the contingent of female ofice workers was stratified into groups not based on age and work experience at a personal computer, but on the basis of the manifestations of ofice syndrome and forms of behaviour in the labour process that determine health. The research states that among women aged 36-44, such a postural disorder as a round back is prevalent: among women aged 36-39, 32.1% of participants have this type of disorder, and among women aged 40-44, 52.4% of participants have this type of disorder. The statistical parameters of the level of the biogeometric posture profile of women of the second period of mature age were also determined: women aged 36-39 received the maximum scores (1.9 points) for indicators in the frontal plane, and women aged 40-44 – for the knee joint angle (α3) in the sagittal plane; women aged 36-39 received the minimum scores for lumbar lordosis (distance l3) (1.6 points), and women aged 40-44 – for the symmetry of the lower scapulae angles (α6) (1.3 points). As a result of comparing the indicators of the state of the biogeometric posture profile using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test, a statistically significant difference between the indicators of thoracic kyphosis (distance l1) at the level of p=0.035 (U=203.5), trunk angle (α2) at the level of p=0.033 (U=201) and symmetry of the lower angles of the scapula (α6) at the level of p=0.001 (U=148.5) became apparent. For the remaining 8 indicators of the biogeometric posture profile of women aged 36-39 and 40-44, no statistically significant (p>0.05) difference was found. The data of the ascertaining experiment made it possible to substantiate and develop a technology for the correction of disorders of the musculoskeletal system of women in the second period of mature age by means of health fitness, which includes goal, tasks, principles, organisational, pedagogical and methodological conditions, levels of implementation (organisational, diagnostic, control and correctional and effective), three stages of practical implementation (preparatory, corrective, supportive using Pilates, Inex Foam Roller, body bar, medball (Ugi), complex of Chinese gymnastics exercises “Sun Salutation”) aimed at performing tasks, the algorithm of implementation of which ensured integrity and completeness. Conclusions. The data determined during the pedagogical experiment prove the existence of such a fact as the transition of women with functional posture disorders from a low to an average level of the biogeometric posture profile. For example, women with a round back before and after the sequentially transformative experiment – with a low level of 55.55% (n=5), with an average level of 44.45% (n=4) and with a low level of 22.22% (n=2), with an average level of 77.78% (n=7) respectively.