Health and recreational physical activity as a means of preventing stress-associated conditions in military personnel exposed to stressogenic factors

Abstract

Introduction. In the context of the ongoing armed conflict in Ukraine, the search for effective, low-cost, and non-pharmacological means of preventing and reducing stress-associated risks in military personnel has become particularly relevant. Given the high level of psycho-emotional strain and limited access to medical care in combat zones, the implementation of non-pharmacological programs to support psychophysiological health is strategically important. Purpose of the study – to evaluate the effectiveness of a health-recreational physical activity (HRPA) program in reducing stress and anxiety levels, improving sleep quality, and restoring autonomic regulation in Armed Forces of Ukraine (AFU) service members. Methods. The study involved 30 service members aged 32.5 ± 4.1 years, of whom 15 had combat rotation experience and 15 were in reserve. The methodology applied a multidisciplinary approach based on the biopsychosocial model of health and the concept of neuroplasticity. Standardized psychometric scales (PSS-10, STAI, PSQI), heart rate variability (HRV) indicators (RMSSD, SDNN), and statistical analysis using Student’s t-test and Wilcoxon test were used for assessment. Over six weeks, participants performed a program including aerobic exercise, relaxation gymnastics, breathing meditation techniques, and social gaming sessions. Results. The findings indicate a significant decrease in stress levels (PSS-10 decreased by an average of 28.4%), a reduction in both trait and state anxiety as measured by STAI (by 22.7% and 19.3%, respectively), improved sleep quality (PSQI decreased from 9.1 ± 2.3 to 5.6 ± 1.8 points, p < 0.01), and increased HRV (RMSSD increased by 31.2%, SDNN by 27.5%). The most pronounced positive changes were observed in the reserve group, although clinically significant improvements were also recorded in post-rotation personnel. Statistical analysis confirmed that the program’s effect was more pronounced in participants with lower initial psychophysiological indicators. Conclusions. The HRPA program is an effective and accessible tool for reducing stress load and improving the psychophysiological condition of military personnel, and can be recommended for implementation in AFU units with duration adjustments based on combat stress experience.