Methodological features of the development of speed-strength and strength abilities of schoolchildren

Abstract

Introduction and study purpose. Today, there is a trend of deterioration in the health of the population of Ukraine. In the near future, this will affect the well-being of the younger generation and the nation as a whole. It is at school age that the foundations of physical development and physical health are laid, motor skills and skills are formed, and physical qualities are actively developed. The key to comprehensive, harmonious development of children and adolescents is a sufficient level of motor activity. More than half of school-age children have a low level of physical fitness. Increasing the level of motor activity of schoolchildren both in physical education lessons and in the process of extracurricular and extracurricular activities allows solving tasks aimed at comprehensive, harmonious development of children and adolescents. Strength training, taking into account age-related physiological characteristics of the body, has a positive effect on the development of all functional systems of the body. The purpose of the study: to determine the methodological features of the development of speed, strength and power abilities of schoolchildren in the age context. Material and methods. During the study, the following methods were used: theoretical analysis and generalization of scientific literature; method of comparison and comparison. Results. There are certain criteria and evaluation methods for assessing the student’s strength capabilities. The dynamometry method or special control exercises (tests) are used. The main means of developing the strength abilities of schoolchildren in a general secondary education institution are exercises with weights, that is, strength exercises. They will be divided into two groups: main and additional. In the practice of physical education with schoolchildren, a number of methods of developing strength abilities are used: the method of static (isometric) efforts, the method of dynamic efforts, statodynamic (combined), the method of repeated efforts, the impact method, the method of circular training, the game method. Conclusions. It has been established that school age is favorable for the development of strength abilities. But different age groups are characterized by periods of sensitive development of certain types of strength. For the optimal development of strength abilities at school age, you should use different modes of performing strength exercises. For elementary school students, it is advisable to use the method of repeated efforts with a standardized number of repetitions; for elementary school students – the method of repeated efforts with a standardized number of repetitions, the shock method; for high school students – the method of maximum efforts, the method of dynamic efforts, the method of repeated efforts with the maximum number of repetitions. About 50% of the exercises should be speed-strength exercises. A little less dynamic exercises, performed in overcoming and yielding modes with a weight of 50-80% of the maximum. Exercises that will contribute to the development of strength endurance and isometric exercises make up the smallest part.